High-throughput micro-CT analysis identifies sex-dependent biomarkers of erosive arthritis in TNF-Tg mice and differential response to anti-TNF therapy.

We demonstrated that sexually dimorphic changes in arthritic hindpaws of TNF-Tg mice are bone-specific, where the cuboid serves as a reliable early biomarker of erosive arthritis in female mice. Adoption of automated segmentation approaches in pre-clinical or clinical models has potential to translate quantitative biomarkers to monitor bone erosions in disease and evaluate therapeutic efficacy.