Smoking and alcohol, health-related quality of life and psychiatric comorbidities in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy mutation carriers: a prospective cohort study.

Given the high prevalence of smoking and excessive drinking in LHON mutation carriers, implementing effective measures to reduce these risk factors may have a significant impact in reducing LHON disease conversion risk. The underrecognized prevalence of mental health issues in this population of LHON mutation carriers highlights the need for awareness and more timely diagnosis, which may lead to improved outcomes.