In-Stent Restenosis Overview: From Intravascular Imaging to Optimal Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Management.
Neda S HassaniLucas Carlini OgliariPedro Rafael Vieira de Oliveira SalernoGabriel Tensol Rodrigues PereiraMarcelo Harada RibeiroLuis Augusto Palma DallanPublished in: Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2024)
Despite ongoing progress in stent technology and deployment techniques, in-stent restenosis (ISR) still remains a major issue following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and accounts for 10.6% of all interventions in the United States. With the continuous rise in ISR risk factors such as obesity and diabetes, along with an increase in the treatment of complex lesions with high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (CHIP), a substantial growth in ISR burden is expected. This review aims to provide insight into the mechanisms, classification, and management of ISR, with a focus on exploring innovative approaches to tackle this complication comprehensively, along with a special section addressing the approach to complex calcified lesions.
Keyphrases
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- st segment elevation myocardial infarction
- st elevation myocardial infarction
- acute myocardial infarction
- acute coronary syndrome
- antiplatelet therapy
- coronary artery disease
- risk factors
- coronary artery bypass grafting
- type diabetes
- coronary artery bypass
- atrial fibrillation
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- weight loss
- high resolution
- machine learning
- cardiovascular disease
- weight gain
- physical activity
- glycemic control
- heart failure
- mass spectrometry
- body mass index
- left ventricular
- skeletal muscle
- adipose tissue
- combination therapy
- photodynamic therapy
- high fat diet induced