Hypothyroidism-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (HIN): Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Options.
Daniela Maria TanaseEvelina Maria GosavEcaterina NeculaeClaudia Florida CosteaManuela CiocoiuLoredana Liliana HurjuiClaudia Cristina TarniceriuMariana FloriaPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2020)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging worldwide problem and its association with other metabolic pathologies has been one of the main research topics in the last decade. The aim of this review article is to provide an up-to-date correlation between hypothyroidism and NAFLD. We followed evidence regarding epidemiological impact, immunopathogenesis, thyroid hormone-liver axis, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. After evaluating the influence of thyroid hormone imbalance on liver structure and function, the latest studies have focused on developing new therapeutic strategies. Thyroid hormones (THs) along with their metabolites and thyroid hormone receptor β (THR-β) agonist are the main therapeutic targets. Other liver specific analogs and alternative treatments have been tested in the last few years as potential NAFLD therapy. Finally, we concluded that further research is necessary as well as the need for an extensive evaluation of thyroid function in NAFLD/NASH patients, aiming for better management and outcome.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- insulin resistance
- diabetic rats
- end stage renal disease
- newly diagnosed
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- type diabetes
- dna damage
- prognostic factors
- adipose tissue
- replacement therapy
- high glucose
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- skeletal muscle
- mesenchymal stem cells
- climate change
- induced apoptosis
- risk assessment
- weight loss
- human health
- glycemic control
- signaling pathway