The Number of Screening Cycles Needed to Reduce Prostate Cancer Mortality in the Finnish Section of the European Randomized Study of Prostate Cancer (ERSPC).
Tomi PakarainenJaakko NevalainenKirsi TalalaKimmo TaariJani RaitanenPaula KujalaUlf-Håkan StenmanTeuvo L J TammelaAnssi AuvinenPublished in: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2018)
Assuming a similar relative reduction being due to selection bias and screening in prostate cancer as other causes of death (40% reduction), approximately half of the observed prostate cancer mortality reduction by repeated screening is likely to be noncausal and a real screening effect may account for up to 40% reduction in men screened three times. Prostate cancer mortality reduction can only be achieved by repeated screening cycles.