Polyomavirus BK, BKV microRNA, and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin can be used as potential biomarkers of lupus nephritis.
Yi-Jung LiHsin-Hsu WuShou-Hsuan LiuKun-Hua TuCheng-Chia LeeHsiang-Hao HsuMing-Yang ChangKuang-Hui YuWei ChenYa-Chung TianPublished in: PloS one (2019)
An elevated urinary BKV viral load with a decreased level of miR-B1 implies the presence of LN. In addition, an increased uNGAL level is a good biomarker not only in predicting the presence of LN but also for prediction of CKD development in patients with SLE.