Modulation of Sympathetic Activity and Innervation With Chronic Ivabradine and β-Blocker Therapies: Analysis of Hypertensive Rats With Heart Failure.

IVA therapy improved the survival of hypertensive animals with HF. Furthermore, it was associated with the amelioration of systemic sympathetic activation and cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve innervations. Chronic β-blocker therapy with negative inotropic effects had beneficial effects only on cardiac innervations.