Human Papillomaviruses-Associated Cancers: An Update of Current Knowledge.
Ena PešutAnamaria ĐukićLucija LulićJosipa SkelinIvana ŠimićNina Milutin GašperovVjekoslav TomaićIvan SabolMagdalena GrcePublished in: Viruses (2021)
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which are small, double-stranded, circular DNA viruses infecting human epithelial cells, are associated with various benign and malignant lesions of mucosa and skin. Intensive research on the oncogenic potential of HPVs started in the 1970s and spread across Europe, including Croatia, and worldwide. Nowadays, the causative role of a subset of oncogenic or high-risk (HR) HPV types, led by HPV-16 and HPV-18, of different anogenital and head and neck cancers is well accepted. Two major viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, are directly involved in the development of HPV-related malignancies by targeting synergistically various cellular pathways involved in the regulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis, and cell polarity control networks as well as host immune response. This review is aimed at describing the key elements in HPV-related carcinogenesis and the advances in cancer prevention with reference to past and on-going research in Croatia.
Keyphrases
- endothelial cells
- high grade
- cell cycle
- immune response
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- cell proliferation
- cervical cancer screening
- oxidative stress
- squamous cell carcinoma
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- sars cov
- inflammatory response
- binding protein
- climate change
- cell death
- young adults
- cell cycle arrest
- circulating tumor cells
- nucleic acid
- genetic diversity