Elevated interleukin 8 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels are associated with myocardial pathology in users of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids.
Ida GregersenMorgan Elizabeth ScarthRang AbdullahPer Medbøe ThorsbyLisa E HaugerKristina H HaugaaEllen Lund SagenAnnika E MichelsenThor UelandThor EdvardsenPål AukrustVibeke Marie AlmaasAstrid Kristine BjørnebekkBente HalvorsenPublished in: European journal of preventive cardiology (2024)
In conclusion, long-term AAS is associated with increased levels of markers of inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling, which seems to have a hormone-dependent (MMP-9) and hormone-independent (IL-8) association with markers of myocardial dysfunction.