Bidirectional relationship between cognitive function and loss hierarchy of activities of daily living among older adults with disabilities in urban China: a cross-lagged analysis.

Practitioners are encouraged to adopt the ADL loss hierarchy as a supplementary needs assessment tool to make the social service delivery process more effective, economical and tailored. Cognitive function change monitoring programmes and services providing education on nutrition and encouraging social participation of older individuals were also helpful in promoting the quality of life of the older adults.