Is constant needle motion during soft tissue filler injections a safer procedure? A theoretical mathematical model for evaluating patient safety.
Ivan V GoncharMichael G AlfertshoferAndreas NikolisWei-Jin HongBrian BiesmanSebastian CotofanaPublished in: Journal of cosmetic dermatology (2023)
This model demonstrates that the constant needle motion technique increases the probability of encountering an artery within the treatment area and thus increases the odds for intra-arterial product administration. The constant needle motion technique does not increase safety but rather may increase the odds of causing intra-arterial product administration with the respective adverse consequences for the patient.