Mesoporous Metal Sponges Produced by Explosive Decomposition.

The formation of mesoporous gold sponges by explosive decomposition of 'knallgold' (also known as 'fulminating' gold) is studied. Proof-of-principle experiments are conducted and then the phenomena are further investigated using 'toy physics' molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations invoked various ratios of a volatile Lennard-Jones element G and a noble metal element N. In both experiment and simulation the morphology of the resulting sponge is found to depend on the stoichiometry of the starting material. As the mole fraction of G (χ G ) is increased from 0.5 to close to 1.0 in the simulations, the morphology of the sponges changes from closed to open, with a corresponding increase in the average mean curvature from 0 to +0.12 inverse Lennard-Jones length (L) units. The average Gaussian curvature of the simulated sponges is always negative, with the minimum value of 0.05 L -2 being found for χ G ≈0.65. In broad agreement with experiment, sponge formation in the simulations is bounded by stoichiometry; no sponges form if χ G is <0.52, for χ G between 0.52 and 0.70 the sponge is characterized by vermicular cavities whereas classic bicontinuous fibrous sponges form for 0.70<χ G <0.85 and, finally, discrete particles result if χ G >0.85.