Pregnancy- Associated Changes in Pharmacokinetics and their Clinical Implications.

Indeed, there are presently no pregnancy- targeted dose schedules, similar to existing dose changes, for example, in renal failure. Similar to the recent increased attention given to pharmacokinetic changes in pregnancy, well designed studies should compare dose-effect relationships in women receiving medications in different stages of pregnancy, to women receiving the same drug before, and/or after pregnancy. Whenever possible, women with chronic conditions can serve as their own controls and decrease the uncertainty created by inter- patient variability. Measuring drug effects in parallel to drug concentrations, will allow pharmacokinetic- pharmacodynamic modelling, leading to evidence-based decisions regarding changes in dose schedules during gestation.