High prevalence of extensively drug resistant and extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Beenish EhsanAsma HaqueMuhammad QasimAamir AliYasra SarwarPublished in: World journal of microbiology & biotechnology (2023)
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). There is rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance in UTIs, also declared as a serious health threat by World Health Organization (WHO). Present study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance status with specific focus on ESBLs and carbapenemases in local uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolates. E. coli isolates were characterized from patients of all ages visiting diagnostic laboratories for urine examination. Demographic data was also recorded for each patient. Antibiograms were developed to observe antibiotic resistance in UPEC using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Double Disc Synergy test (DDST) was used for phenotypic ESBL test. ESBLs and carbapenemases genes were detected in UPEC using PCR. The PCR results were confirmed by sequencing. The UPEC isolates under study exhibited 78%, 77%, 74%, 72% and 55% resistance against cefotaxime, amoxicillin, erythromycin, ceftriaxone and cefixime, respectively. Resistance against colistin and meropenem was observed in 64% and 34% isolates, respectively. Phenotypic DDST identified 48% isolates as ESBLs producers. Genotypic characterization identified 70%, 74.4% and 49% prevalence of CTXM-1, TEM-1 and CTXM-15 genes respectively. One isolate was observed exhibiting co-existence of all ESBL genes. TEM-1 + CTXM-1 and TEM-1 + CTXM-1 + CTXM-15 + OXA-1 gene patterns were dominant among ESBLs. For carbapenem-resistance, 14% isolates indicated the presence of KPC whereas GES and VIM was detected in 7% and 3.4% isolates, respectively. In conclusion, our results present a high prevalence of extensively drug resistant UPEC isolates with a considerable percentage of ESBL producers. These findings propose the need of continuous surveillance for antimicrobial resistance and targeted antimicrobial therapy.
Keyphrases
- escherichia coli
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- antimicrobial resistance
- drug resistant
- multidrug resistant
- acinetobacter baumannii
- genetic diversity
- gram negative
- biofilm formation
- genome wide
- healthcare
- public health
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- risk factors
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- end stage renal disease
- risk assessment
- climate change
- cystic fibrosis
- gene expression
- tertiary care
- bone marrow
- african american
- copy number
- mental health
- genome wide analysis
- deep learning
- social media