The ESSTS (European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome) 2022 Criteria for Clinical Diagnosis of Functional Tic Like Behaviours (FTLBs): An international consensus from experts in tic disorders.
Tamara M PringsheimChristos GanosChristelle NillesAndrea E CavannaDonald L GilbertErica GreenbergAndreas HartmannTammy HedderlyIsobel HeymanHolan LiangIrene MalatyOsman MalikNanette Mol DebesKirsten Muller VahlAlexander MunchauTara MurphyPeter NagyTamsin OwenRenata RizzoLiselotte SkovJeremy SternNatalia SzejkoYulia WorbeDavide MartinoPublished in: European journal of neurology (2023)
Distinguishing FTLB from primary tics is important due to the distinct treatment paths required for these two conditions. Limitation of the ESSTS 2022 criteria is that they lack prospective testing of their sensitivity and specificity.