The feasibility of three port endonasal, transorbital, and sublabial approach to the petroclival region: neurosurgical audit and multiportal anatomic quantitative investigation.

The use of different endoscopic "head-on" trajectories can be combined in a wider multiportal extended approach to improve the ventral route to the most inaccessible petroclival regions. Finally, by combining these approaches and reiterating the importance of multiportal strategy, we quantitatively demonstrate the possibility to reach "far away" paramedian petroclival targets while preserving the neurovascular structures.