Paradoxical embolism is a medical condition characterized by the migration of an embolus from a venous source into the systemic circulation. This occurs through a specific cardiac abnormality known as a right-to-left shunt, ultimately resulting in the possibility of arterial embolism. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common cause of intracardiac shunting. We reported a rare case of a 56-year-old man on hemodialysis with PFO and arteriovenous fistula dysfunction who suffered a paradoxical embolic ischemic stroke after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. This case emphasized the potential risk of paradoxical embolism in hemodialysis patients with vascular access problems. We aimed to highlight the importance of searching for PFO, as it may serve as a possible source of embolism in these patients.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- peritoneal dialysis
- chronic kidney disease
- rare case
- atrial fibrillation
- minimally invasive
- healthcare
- ejection fraction
- mental health
- oxidative stress
- case report
- left ventricular
- heart failure
- left atrial appendage
- risk assessment
- coronary artery
- pulmonary hypertension
- brain injury
- human health
- drug induced