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Causality or confounding? Applying E values to examine associations between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of weight gain.

Eric RobinsonAndrew Jones
Published in: International journal of obesity (2005) (2024)
Unaccounted for confounding could plausibly explain the prospective association between UPF consumption and weight gain in adults. High quality observational research controlling for potential confounders and evidence from study types devoid of confounding are now needed.
Keyphrases
  • weight gain
  • body mass index
  • birth weight
  • weight loss
  • human health
  • risk assessment
  • physical activity
  • mass spectrometry
  • climate change
  • preterm birth