Ultrasound evaluation of the fetal fat tissue, heart, liver and umbilical cord measurements in pregnancies complicated by gestational and type 1 diabetes mellitus: potential application in the fetal birth-weight estimation and prediction of the fetal macrosomia.
Paweł Jan StanirowskiAgata MajewskaMichał LipaDorota Bomba-OpońMirosław WielgośPublished in: Diabetology & metabolic syndrome (2021)
Ultrasound measurements of the fetal soft tissue, heart, liver and umbilical cord are significantly increased among women with GDM treated with insulin and T1DM. In addition to standard biometric measurements, parameters, such as AFM, may find application in the management of diabetes-complicated pregnancies.
Keyphrases
- umbilical cord
- mesenchymal stem cells
- birth weight
- gestational age
- glycemic control
- weight gain
- type diabetes
- magnetic resonance imaging
- preterm birth
- heart failure
- soft tissue
- adipose tissue
- cardiovascular disease
- atrial fibrillation
- pregnant women
- bone marrow
- body mass index
- skeletal muscle
- risk assessment
- weight loss
- insulin resistance