Clinical features of newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that causes damage to multiple organs. Various factors, including vaccination, have been associated with SLE development. Vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 began in 2020, and there are a few reports on the exacerbation of SLE after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The influence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on SLE development remains unclear. We present the case of a 53-year-old man who developed peritonitis and was subsequently diagnosed with SLE on day 9 after receiving a third dose of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. This case and previous reports have shown that patients who developed SLE after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are more likely to develop it within 2 weeks of vaccination, especially when they have a higher rate of immunological abnormalities or a family history of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, these features suggest that type I IFN is involved in the pathogenesis of SLE after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.