Sex-specific and age-specific incidence of ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation and heart failure in community patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Amy GroenewegenVictor W ZwartkruisLennart J SmitRudolf A de BoerMichiel RienstraArno W HoesMonika HollanderFrans H RuttenPublished in: BMJ open respiratory research (2023)
The incidence of all major cardiovascular diseases is higher in patients with COPD, with the highest incidence rate ratio observed for heart failure.
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