Modifications of Dental Implant Surfaces at the Micro- and Nano-Level for Enhanced Osseointegration.
In-Sung Luke YeoPublished in: Materials (Basel, Switzerland) (2019)
This review paper describes several recent modification methods for biocompatible titanium dental implant surfaces. The micro-roughened surfaces reviewed in the literature are sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched, and anodically oxidized. These globally-used surfaces have been clinically investigated, showing survival rates higher than 95%. In the past, dental clinicians believed that eukaryotic cells for osteogenesis did not recognize the changes of the nanostructures of dental implant surfaces. However, research findings have recently shown that osteogenic cells respond to chemical and morphological changes at a nanoscale on the surfaces, including titanium dioxide nanotube arrangements, functional peptide coatings, fluoride treatments, calcium-phosphorus applications, and ultraviolet photofunctionalization. Some of the nano-level modifications have not yet been clinically evaluated. However, these modified dental implant surfaces at the nanoscale have shown excellent in vitro and in vivo results, and thus promising potential future clinical use.
Keyphrases
- biofilm formation
- oral health
- induced apoptosis
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- cell cycle arrest
- systematic review
- staphylococcus aureus
- escherichia coli
- oxidative stress
- mesenchymal stem cells
- bone marrow
- cell death
- cystic fibrosis
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- drinking water
- cell proliferation
- mass spectrometry
- signaling pathway
- current status
- pi k akt