Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support to Improve Outcomes for Children and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.

The effects of DSMES interventions on clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes are varied. The heterogeneity of implementation and evaluation makes it difficult to draw clear conclusions about elements of DSMES that are most effective. There is a need for long-term assessment of the psychosocial and behavioral outcomes using validated and generalizable instruments.