Atomic cerium modulated palladium nanoclusters exsolved ferrite catalysts for lean methane conversion.

The active and stable palladium (Pd) based catalysts for CH 4 conversion are of great environmental and industrial significance. Herein, we employed N 2 as an optimal activation agent to develop a Pd nanocluster exsolved Ce-incorporated perovskite ferrite catalyst toward lean methane oxidation. Replacing the traditional initiator of H 2 , the N 2 was found as an effective driving force to selectively touch off the surface exsolution of Pd nanocluster from perovskite framework without deteriorating the overall material robustness. The catalyst showed an outstanding T 50 (temperature of 50% conversion) plummeting down to 350°C, outperforming the pristine and H 2 -activated counterparts. Further, the combined theoretical and experimental results also deciphered the crucial role that the atomically dispersed Ce ions played in both construction of active sites and CH 4 conversion. The isolated Ce located at the A-site of perovskite framework facilitated the thermodynamic and kinetics of the Pd exsolution process, lowering its formation temperature and promoting its quantity. Moreover, the incorporation of Ce lowered the energy barrier for cleavage of C─H bond, and was dedicated to the preservation of highly reactive PdO x moieties during stability measurement. This work successfully ventures uncharted territory of in situ exsolution to provide a new design thinking for a highly performed catalytic interface.