Enhanced response of titanium doped iron(ii) oxalate under electric field.

Electrorheological (ER) fluid, containing polarized particles within an insulating liquid, represents a smart material, the mechanical properties of which can be altered mainly by an electric field. In this work, ER fluids based on cauliflower iron(ii) oxalate doped titanium particles show excellent rheological and wetting properties by the sample co-precipitation method. The morphology of the particles is observed by SEM and the molecular structure within the particles is obtained via XRD and FTIR. The distribution of elements within the particles is obtained by EDS. Owing to a lower current density than pure iron(ii) oxalate, the SEM and optical images show an obvious chain-like structure within the ER fluids with 2 wt% and 5 wt%, respectively, under 2 kV mm -1 . Then, the rheological properties of these ER fluids are tested up to 3 kV mm -1 and the results show a gratifying property of resisting shear with different shear rates (0.1-100 s -1 ), which is attributed to the appearance of a stable chain-like structure. At the same time, the ER efficiency and the switching performance are obtained and the static yield stress fits the relevant electric field strength well. Ultimately, an excellent sedimentation ratio is obtained from 0 h to 600 h.