TiO 2 -Nanowired Delivery of Chinese Extract of Ginkgo biloba EGb-761 and Bilobalide BN-52021 Enhanced Neuroprotective Effects of Cerebrolysin Following Spinal Cord Injury at Cold Environment.
Lars WiklundAruna SharmaDafin F MuresanuZhiqiang ZhangCong LiZ Ryan TianAnca D BuzoianuJosé Vicente LafuenteAla NozariLianyuan FengHari Shanker SharmaPublished in: Advances in neurobiology (2023)
Military personnel during combat or peacekeeping operations are exposed to extreme climates of hot or cold environments for longer durations. Spinal cord injury is quite common in military personnel following central nervous system (CNS) trauma indicating a possibility of altered pathophysiological responses at different ambient temperatures. Our previous studies show that the pathophysiology of brain injury is exacerbated in animals acclimated to cold (5 °C) or hot (30 °C) environments. In these diverse ambient temperature zones, trauma exacerbated oxidative stress generation inducing greater blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cell damage. Extracts of Ginkgo biloba EGb-761 and BN-52021 treatment reduces brain pathology following heat stress. This effect is further improved following TiO 2 nanowired delivery in heat stress in animal models. Several studies indicate the role of EGb-761 in attenuating spinal cord induced neuronal damages and improved functional deficit. This is quite likely that these effects are further improved following nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with cerebrolysin-a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and peptide fragments in spinal cord trauma. In this review, TiO 2 nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with nanowired cerebrolysin is examined in a rat model of spinal cord injury at cold environment. Our results show that spinal cord injury aggravates cord pathology in cold-acclimated rats and nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with cerebrolysin significantly induced superior neuroprotection, not reported earlier.
Keyphrases
- spinal cord injury
- spinal cord
- blood brain barrier
- heat stress
- cerebral ischemia
- brain injury
- oxidative stress
- neuropathic pain
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- diabetic rats
- heat shock
- air pollution
- high glucose
- particulate matter
- quantum dots
- single cell
- dna damage
- climate change
- multiple sclerosis
- posttraumatic stress disorder