Few-layer graphene induces both primary and secondary genotoxicity in epithelial barrier models in vitro.

Michael J Burgum Martin James David CliftStephen J EvansNicole HondowAfshin TaratGareth J JenkinsShareen H Doak

Published in: Journal of nanobiotechnology (2021)

Therefore, FLG genotoxicity when examined in monocultures, results in primary-indirect DNA damage; whereas co-cultured cells reveal secondary mechanisms of DNA damage.

Keyphrases

dna damage
induced apoptosis
oxidative stress
dna repair
cell cycle arrest
endothelial cells
genome wide
oxide nanoparticles
single cell
gene expression
room temperature
cell death
carbon nanotubes
dna methylation
ionic liquid