Co 3 O 4 Nanostructured Sensor for Electrochemical Detection of H 2 O 2 as a Stress Biomarker in Barley: Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles-Mediated Enhancement of Salt Stress Tolerance.

This research investigates the enhancement of barley's resistance to salt stress by integrating nanoparticles and employing a nanostructured Co 3 O 4 sensor for the electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), a crucial indicator of oxidative stress. The novel sensor, featuring petal-shaped Co 3 O 4 nanostructures, exhibits remarkable precision and sensitivity to H 2 O 2 in buffer solution, showcasing notable efficacy in complex analytes like plant juice. The research establishes that the introduction of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles significantly improves barley's ability to withstand salt stress, leading to a reduction in detected H 2 O 2 concentrations, alongside positive impacts on morphological parameters and photosynthesis rates. The developed sensor promises to provide real-time monitoring of barley stress responses, providing valuable information on increasing tolerance to crop stressors.