Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on childhood type 1 diabetes: a whole-of-population study.
Mumtaz BegumRhiannon M PilkingtonCatherine R ChittleboroughJohn W LynchMegan A S PennoLisa Gaye SmithersPublished in: Diabetologia (2020)
Our best estimate from the study is that maternal smoking in pregnancy was associated with 16% lower childhood type 1 diabetes incidence, and some of this effect was due to residual confounding.