Massive hemorrhage arising of inferior thyroid artery by radiofrequency ablation for secondary hyperparathyroidism: Two case reports.

Although RFA is a safe and minimally invasive treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism, rupture and bleeding of the ITA are rare and dangerous. CEUS can quickly and accurately judge bleeding, bleeding range and location in the early stage. Ultrasound guided compression and RFA of small ITA bleeding points can timely and effectively control bleeding, limit the bleeding range to pseudoaneurysms, and close themselves.