The three layered structure of orbicularis oris and buccinator complex with partial connection at the modiolus and partial direct continuation.
Masuko IshiiKota KatoKoichiro IchimuraTatsuo SakaiPublished in: Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA (2024)
The different arrangement of the three layers of perioral muscles around the modiolus could serve as a good basis to predict the actions of the individual perioral muscles on the movement of lips in open/close of the oral fissure and widening/narrowing of the lip width.