Heart Failure Subtypes and Cardiomyopathies in Women.
Ersilia M DeFilippisAnna BealeTrejeeve MartynAnubha AgarwalUri ElkayamCarolyn Su Ping LamEileen HsichPublished in: Circulation research (2022)
Heart failure affects over 2.6 million women and 3.4 million men in the United States with known sex differences in epidemiology, management, response to treatment, and outcomes across a wide spectrum of cardiomyopathies that include peripartum cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, stress cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, and sarcoidosis. Some of these sex-specific considerations are driven by the cellular effects of sex hormones on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial response to injury, vascular aging, and left ventricular remodeling. Other sex differences are perpetuated by implicit bias leading to undertreatment and underrepresentation in clinical trials. The goal of this narrative review is to comprehensively examine the existing literature over the last decade regarding sex differences in various heart failure syndromes from pathophysiological insights to clinical practice.
Keyphrases
- heart failure
- left ventricular
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- clinical trial
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- acute myocardial infarction
- clinical practice
- aortic stenosis
- mitral valve
- left atrial
- acute heart failure
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- systematic review
- atrial fibrillation
- angiotensin ii
- pregnancy outcomes
- cervical cancer screening
- endothelial cells
- breast cancer risk
- multiple myeloma
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- pregnant women
- study protocol
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- catheter ablation
- heat stress