Toxicity of tranexamic acid (TXA) to intra-articular tissue in orthopaedic surgery: a scoping review.
Scott M BolamArama O'Regan-BrownA Paul MonkDavid S MussonJillian CornishJacob T MunroPublished in: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2020)
Current evidence suggests a dose-dependent toxic effect on cartilage, tendon, and synovial tissue. Concentrations of 20 mg/ml or less are expected to be safe. There is a significant body of evidence to suggest the need for caution with intraarticular administration of TXA. There is a need for further human clinical trials in order to clarify the long-term safety of TXA topical application.