PD-1 and PD-L1 are more highly expressed in high-grade bladder cancer than in low-grade cases: PD-L1 might function as a mediator of stage progression in bladder cancer.
Takashi KawaharaYukari IshiguroShinji OhtakeIkuma KatoYusuke ItoHiroki ItoKazuhide MakiyamaKeiichi KondoYasuhide MiyoshiYasushi YumuraNarihiko HayashiHisashi HasumiKimito OsakaKentaro MuraokaKoji IzumiJun-Ichi TeranishiHiroji UemuraMasahiro YaoNoboru NakaigawaPublished in: BMC urology (2018)
PD-1 and PD-L1 might be a new biomarker that correlates with the pathological grade of bladder cancer. PD-L1 might function as a mediator of stage progression in bladder cancer and STAT1-NFAT pathway might associate this function.