Metabolism of primaquine in normal human volunteers: investigation of phase I and phase II metabolites from plasma and urine using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

This approach and these findings augment our understanding and provide comprehensive view of pathways for PQ metabolism in humans. These will advance the clinical studies of PQ metabolism in different populations for different therapeutic regimens and an understanding of the role these play in PQ efficacy and safety outcomes, and their possible relation to metabolizing enzyme polymorphisms.