Ultra-expanded interlayer spacing of vanadium oxide nanowires intercalated with poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) in organic ammonium ion batteries.

Rechargeable batteries employing ammonium (NH 4 + ) ions have attracted widespread interest owing to the abundant resources, eco-friendliness, and sustainability of NH 4 + ions. Herein, an organic-inorganic hybrid is applied to organic NH 4 + ion batteries. A poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-intercalated vanadium oxide nanowire (noted as VO-P- x ) is applied for organic NH 4 + ion storage. VO-P- x with the optimal content of PEDOT showed an interlayer spacing ( d -spacing) expanded to 1.82 nm, exhibiting an ultrahigh initial coulombic efficiency of 91% and a reversible capacity of 163 mA h g -1 . A significant improvement in NH 4 + ion storage was achieved due to the large interlayer spacing and conductive polymer PEDOT. Combining ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and multi-sweep cyclic voltammetry tests, the NH 4 + ion storage mechanism of VO-P- x was clearly revealed. This study provides a new strategy for designing high-performance organic ammonium batteries.