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Signatures of the exciton gas phase and its condensation in monolayer 1T-ZrTe 2 .

Yekai SongChunjing JiaHongyu XiongBinbin WangZhicheng JiangKui HuangJinwoong HwangZhuojun LiChoongyu HwangZhongkai LiuDawei ShenJonathan A SobotaPatrick KirchmannJiamin XueThomas P DevereauxSung-Kwan MoZhi-Xun ShenShujie Tang
Published in: Nature communications (2023)
The excitonic insulator (EI) is a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of excitons bound by electron-hole interaction in a solid, which could support high-temperature BEC transition. The material realization of EI has been challenged by the difficulty of distinguishing it from a conventional charge density wave (CDW) state. In the BEC limit, the preformed exciton gas phase is a hallmark to distinguish EI from conventional CDW, yet direct experimental evidence has been lacking. Here we report a distinct correlated phase beyond the 2×2 CDW ground state emerging in monolayer 1T-ZrTe 2 and its investigation by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The results show novel band- and energy-dependent folding behavior in a two-step process, which is the signatures of an exciton gas phase prior to its condensation into the final CDW state. Our findings provide a versatile two-dimensional platform that allows tuning of the excitonic effect.
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