Successful Treatment with Tofacitinib for Relapse of Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease in Anti-Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 Antibody-Positive Clinically Amyopathic Dermatomyositis.

Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody is associated with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD). Recently, several studies have reported that tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, might be effective for cases of new or refractory RP-ILD in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive CADM; however it is unknown whether tofacitinib can also be effective for relapsed cases. We herein report a relapsed case of RP-ILD in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive CADM which was successfully treated by combination therapy with tofacitinib (5 mg twice daily). Our case suggests that tofacitinib may also be a potential treatment option for relapsed cases of this disease.