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Black hole jets on the scale of the cosmic web.

Martijn S S L OeiMartin J HardcastleRoland TimmermanAivin R D J G I B GastAndrea BotteonAntonio C RodriguezDaniel SternGabriela Calistro RiveraReinout J van WeerenHuub J A RöttgeringHuib T IntemaFrancesco de GasperinS G Djorgovski
Published in: Nature (2024)
When sustained for megayears (refs.  1,2 ), high-power jets from supermassive black holes (SMBHs) become the largest galaxy-made structures in the Universe 3 . By pumping electrons, atomic nuclei and magnetic fields into the intergalactic medium (IGM), these energetic flows affect the distribution of matter and magnetism in the cosmic web 4-6 and could have a sweeping cosmological influence if they reached far at early epochs. For the past 50 years, the known size range of black hole jet pairs ended at 4.6-5.0 Mpc (refs.  7-9 ), or 20-30% of a cosmic void radius in the Local Universe 10 . An observational lack of longer jets, as well as theoretical results 11 , thus suggested a growth limit at about 5 Mpc (ref.  12 ). Here we report observations of a radio structure spanning about 7 Mpc, or roughly 66% of a coeval cosmic void radius, apparently generated by a black hole between 4.4 - 0.7 + 0.2 and 6.3 Gyr after the Big Bang. The structure consists of a northern lobe, a northern jet, a core, a southern jet with an inner hotspot and a southern outer hotspot with a backflow. This system demonstrates that jets can avoid destruction by magnetohydrodynamical instabilities over cosmological distances, even at epochs when the Universe was 7 to 1 5 - 2 + 6 times denser than it is today. How jets can retain such long-lived coherence is unknown at present.
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