Urine cotinine versus self-reported smoking and the risk of chronic kidney disease.
Setor Kwadzo KunutsorRichard S DeyDaan J TouwStephan J L BakkerRobin P F DullaartPublished in: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association (2024)
Self-reported current smoking is associated with increased CKD risk, but dependent on UAE. The association between urine cotinine-assessed current smoking and increased CKD risk is independent of UAE. Urine cotinine-assessed smoking status may be a more reliable risk indicator for CKD incidence than self-reported smoking status.