Vascular imaging of the spine in the US Medicare population: Catheter and MR angiography volumes from 2004 to 2016.

Our results show that spinal catheter angiography volumes continue to rise in the Medicare fee-for-service population, and are largely performed by radiologists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists. Although spinal magnetic resonance angiography volumes have started to increase, they comprise only a small fraction of studies performed for vascular evaluation of the spine.