Comparative Study of Larvicidal Activity of Spinel Co 3 O 4 Nanorods and Entomopathogenic Metarhizium brunneum Conidia against Culex pipiens .

Herein, we report the synthesis of spinel cobalt oxide nanorods (Co 3 O 4 NRs) by a modified co-precipitation approach and examine their larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared Co 3 O 4 NRs were emphasized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that Co 3 O 4 nanostructures have a face-centered spinel cubic crystal structure with a mean crystallite size of 38 nm. These nanostructures have a rod like shape with a mean diameter of 30 nm and an average length of 60 nm. The TGA measurements revealed the high stability of the formed spinel cubic structure at 400 °C. The optical behavior indicates the direct transition of electrons through an optical band gap in the range of 2.92-3.08 eV. These unique chemical and physical properties of Co 3 O 4 NRs enabled them to be employed as a strong agent for killing the C. pipiens . A comparison study was employed between the as-prepared Co 3 O 4 and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum as a control agent of C. pipiens larvae. The results revealed that the as-prepared nanorods have higher mortality against C. pipiens larvae compared with the well-known M. brunneum .