Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Confirmation of Caribbean Ciguatoxin-1 as the Main Toxin Responsible for Ciguatera Poisoning Caused by Fish from European Atlantic Coasts.
Pablo EstevezManoëlla SibatJosé Manuel Leao-MartinsPedro Reis CostaAna Gago-MartínezPhilipp HessPublished in: Toxins (2020)
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a common seafood intoxication mainly caused by the consumption of fish contaminated by ciguatoxins. Recent studies showed that Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 (C-CTX1) is the main toxin causing CP through fish caught in the Northeast Atlantic, e.g., Canary Islands (Spain) and Madeira (Portugal). The use of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with neuroblastoma cell assay (N2a) allowed the initial confirmation of the presence of C-CTX1 in contaminated fish samples from the abovementioned areas, nevertheless the lack of commercially available reference materials for these particular ciguatoxin (CTX) analogues has been a major limitation to progress research. The EuroCigua project allowed the preparation of C-CTX1 laboratory reference material (LRM) from fish species (Seriola fasciata) from the Madeira archipelago (Portugal). This reference material was used to implement a liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for the detection of C-CTX1, acquisition of full-scan as well as collision-induced mass spectra of this particular analogue. Fragmentation pathways were proposed based on fragments obtained. The optimized LC-HRMS method was then applied to confirm C-CTX1 in fish (Bodianus scrofa) caught in the Selvagens Islands (Portugal).
Keyphrases
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- liquid chromatography
- tandem mass spectrometry
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- mass spectrometry
- simultaneous determination
- gas chromatography
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- high performance liquid chromatography
- solid phase extraction
- escherichia coli
- heavy metals
- drinking water
- magnetic resonance imaging
- high resolution
- computed tomography
- high throughput
- stem cells
- molecular dynamics
- molecular dynamics simulations
- high glucose