Tetracycline- and Macrolide-Resistant Enterococcus Species Isolated from a Mink Farm in the United States.

Enterococcus species are a normal flora of animals and humans. However, life-threatening opportunistic infections can be caused by antimicrobial resistant strains. Fecal ( n  = 42) and feed ( n  = 8) samples were obtained from a mink farm and cultured for the enumeration and detection of erythromycin-resistant (a macrolide; ERY r )- and tetracycline-resistant (TET r ) enterococci. ERY r and TET r enterococci were detected from all fecal (mean concentrations = 6 and 7 logs, respectively) and feed (mean concentrations = 5 and 4 logs, respectively) samples. While Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were detected at equal proportions among the fecal TET r isolates, E. faecium predominated among ERY r fecal isolates. All ERY r and 90% of the TET r isolates ( n  = 50) were multidrug resistant (resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes). Among ERY r isolates, while 83% of E. faecalis ( n  = 12) were positive for erm (B), 58% of E. faecium ( n  = 38) isolates were positive for msr (C). Among ERY r isolates, tet (M) was detected from 92% of E. faecalis ( n  = 12) and 97% of E. faecium ( n  = 38) isolates. Conversely, however, erm (B) was detected in 18% of E. faecalis ( n  = 22) and 33% of E. faecium ( n  = 27) TET r isolates. Our study provides a baseline for future efforts to reduce antimicrobial resistance and improve antimicrobial stewardship in commercial mink production facilities.