Prevalence, treatment status, and predictors of anemia and erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness in Japanese patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study.

Our findings demonstrate that many Japanese patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD receiving ESAs fail to maintain adequate hemoglobin levels. These results suggest the need for interventions for ESA hyporesponsiveness factors in addition to iron supplementation.