Bladder preservation is possible with chemoradiation therapy; however, urologists rarely refer patients for consideration of chemoradiation. The limited patients who are referred for radiation generally have limited life expectancy, significant comorbidities, or have advanced disease amenable only to palliation. Palliative radiation improves symptoms with minimal toxicity.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- patients undergoing
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- peritoneal dialysis
- spinal cord injury
- prognostic factors
- type diabetes
- stem cells
- squamous cell carcinoma
- metabolic syndrome
- oxidative stress
- palliative care
- locally advanced
- physical activity
- mesenchymal stem cells
- radiation induced
- radiation therapy
- bone marrow
- skeletal muscle
- insulin resistance
- weight loss
- sleep quality