Identification and Structure Elucidation of Epoxyjanthitrems from Lolium perenne Infected with the Endophytic Fungus Epichloë festucae var. lolii and Determination of the Tremorgenic and Anti-Insect Activity of Epoxyjanthitrem I.
Sarah C FinchMichèle R PrinsepAlison J PopayAlistair L WilkinsNicola G WebbSweta BhattaraiJoanne G JensenAllan D HawkesJacob V BabuBrian A TapperGeoffrey A LanePublished in: Toxins (2020)
Epoxyjanthitrems I-IV (1-4) and epoxyjanthitriol (5) were isolated from seed of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) infected with the endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae var. lolii. Although structures for epoxyjanthitrems I-IV have previously been proposed in the literature, this is the first report of a full structural elucidation yielding NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) assignments for all five epoxyjanthitrem compounds, and additionally, it is the first isolation of epoxyjanthitriol (5). Epoxyjanthitrem I induced tremors in mice and gave a dose dependent reduction in weight gain and feeding for porina (Wiseana cervinata), a common pasture pest in New Zealand. These data suggest that epoxyjanthitrems are involved in the observed effects of the AR37 endophyte on livestock and insect pests.
Keyphrases
- weight gain
- magnetic resonance
- body mass index
- birth weight
- high resolution
- systematic review
- aedes aegypti
- high glucose
- diabetic rats
- weight loss
- high fat diet induced
- electronic health record
- contrast enhanced
- big data
- type diabetes
- solid phase extraction
- solid state
- molecularly imprinted
- machine learning
- insulin resistance
- preterm birth