Risk factors for development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in Dutch patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Vivian SchreurFreekje van AstenHeijan NgJack WeedaJoannes M M GroenewoudCees J TackCarel B HoyngEiko K de JongCaroline C W KlaverB Jeroen KleveringPublished in: Acta ophthalmologica (2018)
These data show relatively low cumulative incidences of DR, VTDR and visual impairment. Higher mean HbA1c, HbA1c variability, age of onset of T1DM and total cholesterol were independently associated with the risk of DR development, and a protective association was found for HDL cholesterol in subjects with T1DM. Mean HbA1c and presence of albuminuria were associated with progression of DR.