Drug Checking Services for People Who Use Drugs: A Systematic Review.

Drug checking services appear to influence behavioural intentions and behaviour of people who use drugs, particularly when results from drug checking services are unexpected or drugs of concern. Monitoring of drug markets by drug checking services is well established in Europe and increasingly in North America. Concerns about drug contents and negative health consequences facilitate use of drug checking services; lack of concern, trust in drug sellers, lack of accessibility of drug checking services, and legal and privacy concerns are barriers to use.