Retinal Complications in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treated with Antimalarial Drugs.

Just over 5% of patients developed antimalarial retinal complications, over an average of 12.8 years. No cases were detected in the first 5 years of therapy. Past CQ use was more common in cases versus controls. Future studies using larger cohorts are under way to better define the roles of therapy duration, race/ethnicity, and other factors.